What is pleomorphism in the context of cancer pathology?

Pleomorphism refers to the variation in size and shape of cells, which is a key characteristic observed in cancer pathology. In malignant tumors, cells often exhibit significant differences in morphology compared to normal cells, including variations in their dimensions, shapes, and structural features. This heterogeneity is a result of genetic instability and the aggressive nature of cancer cells, which can lead to abnormal growth patterns and differentiation.

The presence of pleomorphic cells in a tumor is often indicative of its aggressive behavior and potential for metastasis. This variability can also complicate diagnosis and treatment since it violates the idea of uniformity typically seen in healthy tissues. Recognizing pleomorphic features under microscopic examination helps pathologists identify and classify certain types of tumors, thus playing a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and staging.