What is the role of a biopsy in cancer diagnosis?

A biopsy plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of cancer by allowing healthcare professionals to obtain tissue samples from suspicious lesions or masses. This tissue is then subjected to histopathological analysis, which involves examining the cellular structure and composition under a microscope. The primary purpose of this analysis is to identify cancerous cells and establish the presence, type, and grade of cancer, which is essential for determining the most effective treatment plan for the patient.

This histopathological assessment provides definitive information about the cancer, including its morphology and behavior, which cannot be ascertained from imaging studies alone. It also helps in differentiating between malignant tumors and benign conditions, guiding subsequent clinical decision-making.

The other options represent different aspects of cancer care but do not directly address the diagnostic role of a biopsy. For instance, while genetic testing is important for understanding the molecular basis of certain cancers, it is typically conducted on biopsy tissue afterward and is not the primary role of the biopsy itself. Similarly, administering treatment or monitoring treatment effects are crucial steps in cancer management but occur after a biopsy has been performed and the diagnosis established. Thus, the primary function of a biopsy is centered on obtaining tissue for histopathological analysis.