What is the typical follow-up protocol after colorectal cancer surgery?

The typical follow-up protocol after colorectal cancer surgery primarily involves the use of regular colonoscopies and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assessments. This approach is established due to the need for early detection of any recurrence of cancer or the emergence of new cancers.

Regular colonoscopies allow healthcare providers to visually inspect the colon and rectum to identify any abnormalities, including polyps that may develop into cancer, or signs of recurrence. Since individuals who have undergone surgery for colorectal cancer are at an increased risk for second malignancies, these procedures are an essential component of post-operative care.

Measurement of serum CEA levels serves as a tumor marker that can help indicate the presence of cancer. Elevated CEA levels can suggest a recurrence or metastasis of colorectal cancer, prompting further investigation and timely intervention.

This combination of surveillance methods enables close monitoring of patients after colorectal cancer surgery, focusing on both the detection of recurrences and the prevention of new cancerous developments. In contrast, the other options, such as annual PET scans, monthly blood tests, or weekly physical exams, do not align with the standardized follow-up protocols established for this patient population and would likely result in inadequate monitoring.